Analysing a TV drama clip from "Trial and Retribution"

1) How is the genre of TV crime drama shown in the clip (Mise-en-scene, Characters, Props, Themes, Sequences)
2) Give examples of how camera angles and shots have been used effectively)
3) How has meaning been created through the performance of the actors?
4) Assess the use of sound in the clip

Characters - Interviewer (Interrogation), Scottish man being interviewed
Props - Table, drink, interrogation room, pictures (car and box)
Mise-en-scene - Interrogation room (small and compact)(no decoration)
Camera angles - Over the shoulder, looking up, Long shot,

1) The TV crime drama genre is shown through various different techniques. One technique used to show the shows genre is through the use of Mise-en-scene, setting the clips scene and genre through character costumes, Lighting and colour. Through Mise-en-scene lighting is used to set the scene of a typical crime drama. The lighting used was quite dull, The rooms and hallways being quite and dark, with a only a bright spotlight lamp used to create a dramatic effect in the interviewing room. The colours used were also quite dark, using the connotations of the colours Black, Grey and Red. These colours and Lighting used in this clip from "Trial and Retribution" help to show the genre of a Crime Drama as the scene for most crime dramas are quite dark and gloomy, and are usually quite serious.
  Another way which the Genre is set is through the use of characters. In this particular clip there is a police detective, Policemen (professionals) and the man who is being interviewed for the suspicions of committing the crime. The characters used in the this scene are all presented as formal except from the man being interviewed. The police investigators/officers/detectives are all wearing Dark suits with their top buttons done up, with their ties done up, On the other hand, the man who is being interviewed is also wearing a dark suit but his top buttons appear to be undone and he isn't wearing a tie making him seem slightly more informal. This helps to show the clips genre by showing the importance of the characters, The police who presented as more important than the man being interviewed, which is more than likely the case in similar clips to those of that genre.
  The props used in this clip help to set the scene and show the genre of a crime drama. The props (evidence) which were used (such as Photos taken from possible murder scenes and a handkerchief) set the clips scene in a police interviewing room, which would commonly be shown in a police investigation/ interviewing room in those of a similar genre.

2) Some camera angles which have been used in this scene effectively are: Over the shoulder, A long shot, Close up and a shot from above. Over the shoulder shots are used as a majority through this clip to show the dramatic effect of the interviewing scene, A long shot is shown when the man being interviewed takes a sip from his drink, as the shot shows the whole scene and it setting. The close up shot shows the effectiveness of each of the characters emotions. Finally the shot taken from above is used when the man being interviewed stands up and demands a lawyer before any more questions are answered, showing the characters strength and confidence in the situation. Overall each of these camera angles are effectively shown in this clip each being in a different way.

3) In this clip, Meaning has been created through the use of the characters. One example of this is through the atmosphere created by the characters, showing the seriousness of the scene and the meaning of how crime drama's are commonly a lot more serious rather than comedic. The seriousness in the tone of voice and facial expressions used by the police investigators/detectives/officers, help to display this meaning in the seriousness of the realism of crime dramas.

Analysing moving images revision

Possible texts for study:

• Film Trailers
• TV advert(s)
• Clips (TV or Film)
• News report
• Games Trailers
• Extract from a TV show (game show, Soap, Drama, Comedy etc - any genre)
• Music video
• Extract from a film (any genre)
• Party Political broadcast (elections)
• Extract from a documentary

Ways in which a moving image communicates with its audience:

• Colour
• Tone of voice
• Language (Formal, Informal)
• Editing (Transitions)
• Accents
• Mise-en-scene: Setting, Costume, Lighting, Character Appearance
• Semiotics: Verbal & Non-verbal communication, Denotations and Connotations
• Narrative: The story unfolding
• Genre: the type of product and the signifiers (signs) of which genre it belongs to (including serial/series conventions)

Analysing a moving image using media language:

• Technical codes: Cinematography (camerawork & lighting) and editing
• Sound: Digetic (the audience and actors can hear e.g tv being turned on) and Non-Digetic (only audience can hear e.g. music over the top, voice over etc), Sound effects
• Codes: Actions, Enigma, Cultural, symbolic
• Codes and Conventions: the way things are normally done in products of this kind, and the extent to which this product challenges or reinforces it.

Response to "Show Me" task

Show me- reply to this post by explaining the factors which affect how people respond on Audience Mock Revision


Audiences can respond significantly to a media product in various different ways, this depending on the environment around them, the circumstance of taking in the device or a more personal approach.

The environment which the audience is receiving the media product can affect their response to it dramatically; One example of this would be through environment we are in when watching a particular film. For example if you were to see a horror film in a cinema (regular or Imax) it would have a greater and deeper affect then if you were to watch it in a comfortable sitting at home (on dvd). If you were to watch a horror film at the cinema, you are more likely to be jumpy and find it a lot scarier than you would in the comport of your own home, This would be because of the controlled darkness throughout the film, the curiosity of who is also watching it with you (maybe even sat next to) also with how the film actually affects you. If you were to watch a typical horror film at home, you aren't as likely to have the same affect as you would at the cinema. This is because of the common background distractions: being comfortable at home, etc

Audience Mock Revision

• Choose three different media products covering there different media types
• Outline two target audiences for each 
• Using your own examples outline how audiences respond differently

The two main target audiences for this particular issue for glamour magazine are:

- Females (20-30) who's main interests are fashion based, are also quite sophisticated and intelligent
- Those who are fans of Tanya Burr of which many only buy this issue because she is featured, but could continue to buy it if it appeals to them.

- Both of these audiences are Psychographic as they are appealing to these target audiences through their interests. Females because of their interests in fashion, and fans who's interests are of Tanya Burr. Females around the age of 20-30 would also be Demographic as it is targeted to both people of the same interests, but also a specific age and gender.

The two main target audiences for this particular series of I'm A Celebrity, Get Me Out Of Here (2015) are:

- Those who enjoy the show (mixed amount of males and females aged around 16-35). They are into the chatty style and the bush tucker trials
- Those who are fans of particular celebrities in the jungle (for example this series which had George Shelly, Tony Hadley, Jorgie Porter, Chris Eubank etc) to watch the show and vote for their favourites. And also those who are fans of Ant and Dec so mainly watch it for their comedic and witty involvement.

The two main target audiences for this Captain America film are:

- Men (20-40) who are fans of that particular genre (Action and Adventure), who are also quite intelligent
- People who are fans of the famous actors who are starred in the film (for example whose who are fans of Chris Evans, Cobie Smulders, Emily VanCamp and Scarlett Johansson) so are only really watching it for their involvement





Audience examples:

"I'm A Celebrity, Get Me Out Of Here!" (ITV) - I'm A Celeb attracts an audience in many different ways. The main target audience for this show is young adult onwards (16 - 50), this is clearly aimed towards this audience by the content used throughout each series. From attracting this target audience, it is then up to them on how they respond. Some of which may have a different response to the message and bias to other members of the same target audience. The response of this audience can be Dominant, Oppositional or negotiated. This is referred to with the message and bias of whether they agree with how realistic the show is (whether the celebrities are putting on an act) and and whether or not they like the show and celebrities. If the response is dominant then they agree with it being realistic and also that they enjoy the show. If the response is oppositional, the audience completely disagrees with all parts of the message and bias. Lastly if the response is negotiated, the audience either disagrees with the realistic view of the show or disagree with actually enjoying the show.

Mock Exam Revision

Language:
The connotations of the colours used for the cover of this magazine are that it appears quite feminine, this is so that it would appeal well to the target audience of female adults. The Pink used for the masthead and sub text is slightly darker than a baby pink, this is so that it shows a sense power and also so that it stands out. The orange and yellow which is used for the background and sub text is quite faint. The yellow used doesn't stand out and take attention off the model, and the orange used is clear to see against the background but it still doesn't stand out as much as the model does.
The black in which appears on the model and for the rest of the text is used to create strength and power.
A connotation of this is how the model stands out against the background and text, and the attention is all on her. The black chosen for the text is so that the text stands out against the rest, the black used on the dress of the model however is used for more than just standing out against the rest. The black on the dress is used to represent the feeling of power and importance, but it is also used to project the model as a strong individual.

Another way of which her strength is represented is through her posture. Rather than having a regular stance, the model is facing head on, making eye contact with their target audience. This is also shown by having her hand on her hip, this implies that she is confident and also has rather a lot of attitude. This would appeal to the female market as it draws them in by the similarities, but it also create a false representation through the materialistic and typical model (and content). This is presented through how the model appears. Not only is the model seen as attractive, she has been used to represent the typical women magazine stereotypes. The text used is mainly laid out on and around the model, only leaving a few parts free from the text, this being around her cleavage and face. This is so that the attention of the audience mainly focuses on these areas along with what is actually written around her. The layout of the magazine is cleverly thought out as the magazine implies that there is something in it for everyone. Not only does the cover include a lot of text and attractive content, the actual appearance of the text are is different for each. On some areas of the text and sub-headlines, the font changes from either large to small, Upper case to Lower case and darkly coloured to lightly coloured. This is so that there will be at last one area of the text or content which applies to everyone. Juxtaposition is used for this cover as the colour which the model is wearing contrasts against the background. The model is wearing black, which is bold statement colour which is quite masculine and stand out, on the other hand the main background is a bright colour which is more feminine. Put together these colours used which are contrasting to each other increases the impact of which each produce.

A connotation for the language used is that it appears quite flirtatious, this appealing to the older target audience. The use of alliteration in "60 Sex Skills" seems catchy but also attracts the audience by how adults can get tips and tricks. There is also a concept of comedy in the text by "Never lose your orgasm again" and "10 times its ok to be a bitch" as the audience (mainly female) would be attracted to find out more about these.

Audience:
For this magazine there are two main target audiences:

• Female adults (20-35) - they are mainly targeted because of the appearance of the magazine being quite feminine, but also because of the chatty and flirtatious language.
• It would also appeal to those which are fans of 'Beyoncé' so this particular issue will appeal to her fan base.

This magazine is mainly targeted towards the general female audience rather than just fans of hers, this is because of the amount and context of the magazines content and appearance.
The magazine is quite feminine by the use of colour and the chatty flirtatious language. But it would also attract a female audience by using text such as '10 times its ok to be a bitch' and throughout the magazines gives females advice on things such as 'How to shag any man you want' with also tips on how to keep a 'Tight butt, Abs and Thighs'.

One example of how a media products attract an audience is:
Toy story (Disney) - Toy story attracts an audience by making all of its content and appearance attract to the younger target audience. Toy story is aimed towards children 3+, the producers clearly show this through the use of colour, language and plot. Firstly the appearance of the film is made childish through the use of bright recognisable colours, this appeals to children as they are drawn in by an array of bright colours. Secondly the language, this differs from other films as the content is made quite informal but still understandable and educational for children. Rather than using formal language, the language is made easily understandable to its target audience. Lastly the plot, throughout each of the toy story films a similar plot is followed. The plot usually includes a story that follows both good and mischievous characters; which usually are against each other during the film. At the end of the film, the story usually ends with the good (main toy story characters which are used throughout each of the films) being the saviours of the films. The story line is mainly targeted towards the younger target audience as the plot usually has a moral to the story making it understandable and valuable to the target audience.

Another example of how a media product attracts an audience is:
"I'm A Celebrity, Get Me Out Of Here!" (ITV) - I'm A Celeb attracts an audience in many different ways. The main target audience for this show is young adult onwards (16 - 50), this is clearly aimed towards this audience by the content used throughout each series. One way which the show attracts an audience is through the actual contestants on the show. The producers of the show ask a range of different celebrities, of which tend to be famous for different reasons. This is represented as a similarity between each I'm A Celeb series as they usually have celebrities of the same role each year (there tends to be a tv reality star, a sportsman, a band member or solo poster etc). This is an example of "comfortable reassurance" as its what the viewers expect every series except they bring different celebrities. Another way which the producers attract an audience is through the presenters "Ant and Dec", who of which are the most famous British double act today. Most of the audience like the show because of how it is presented by Anthony McPartlin and Declan Donnelly. These presenters help to bring a comedic effect for the show by making jokes but also including a chatty/informal style.

Consolidation

The 100 (Season 1) -
"Its been nearly 100 years since Earth was devastated by a nuclear apocalypse, with the only survivors being the inhabitants of 12 international space stations that were in orbit at the time. Three generations later, the survivors number 4,000 - and resources are running out on their dying "Ark" (the 12 stations now linked together and purposed to keep the survivors alive). Capital punishment and population control are the order of the day, as the leaders of the Ark take ruthless steps to ensure their future - including secretly exiling a group of 100 juvenile prisoners to the Earth's surface to test whether its habitable. No one has set foot on the planet in nearly a century - until now"
Language - 

In the moving image media text which I have used covers different areas of language. The colours used in this trailer are mainly dark greens and blues. This is used to present features of mystery and adventure. The light flashes create a futuristic theme contrasting with the darker colours.

Audience - 

Demographic - The target audience for "The 100" is mainly young adults (16-25). This is mainly because of the shows concept of a mysterious and futuristic theme. The audience which this is mainly targeted at is similar to the well know film series "The Hunger Games", as "The 100" has similar futuristic plots and character personalities. 

Camera Angles and Movement

Use of Camera Angles and Movement in a film clip
"The Shining - Typewriter scene"

1) What camera angles and shots are used when Wendy is reading at the typewriter?

When Wendy is looking over at the typewriter, different camera angles and shots were used. The different shots used are:

- Low Angle shot (looking up) is used as Wendy is looking over the top of the typewriter to see what her husband had written

- POV / Medium Close up (Characters / audiences point of view) is used to look at the sheets of papers, showing it in her perspective for the audience to see, (zoom is also introduced here)
- Over the shoulder (views the back of Wendy whilst looking over the typewriter) is used right at the start of the scene.
- Tracking shot (camera that moves along tracks) is used when Jack enters the room, focusing on him both entering and the effect that it will have on Wendy.

2) How do they make us feel?

The Over the shoulder shot is used to set the scene right at the start. Although we cannot see Wendy's face, the combination of music and camera angles creates the suspense as the camera is drawing closer to Wendy and the typewriter. This shot puts an effect on the reader by setting the scene, although in the clip we don't know how it is linked to the rest of the film, it clearly sets the scene and builds tension to the audience as she begins to look over at the typewriter.
The low angle shot is used as Wendy is looking over the top of the typewriter. Not only does it create suspicion of what Jack has written, it also creates the effect of suspense to find out why he has written 'All work no play makes jack a dull boy' so many times. This shot puts an effect on the audience as it makes us curious of what will happen next.
The POV / Medium Close up is used to look at the sheets of paper which jack has written on, showing it in both the audiences and Wendy's perspective. This shot puts an effect on the audience, as it brings them into the scene, and creates emotion with Wendy's reaction after he finds the typewriter. Before we can even see the typewriter, all we see is Wendy's emotions as she reads the paper, although we haven't yet seen what is written, the expression on Wendy's face shows exactly what she's thinking and how she feels (horror and shock)
The Tracking shot is then used when Jack enters the room which Wendy is in, the camera slowly focuses on him and gets closer up to Wendy. This shot puts an effect on the audience as jack witnesses Wendy looking through his 'work'. It creates empathy from the audience to Wendy as she does not realise that he is there.

3) Where does the zoom take place, and what is its effect?

The zoom takes place toward the end of the scene, as Jack makes his way into the room which Wendy is in. The zoom use is important as it helps to show us her attention. When Jack enters, Wendy fails to notice him because of how much she is focused on the typewriter. This is used to create sympathy towards Wendy as she doesn't know what is about to happen and that Jack is actually there. The zoom  implies that only the paper is important, as Wendy isn't aware of anything else in the room like she originally was.

4) What camera shots are used as jack moves into the room?
*POV and then later into an Over the shoulder shot*
When Jack first moves into the room, a POV (Point of View) shot is used. This shot is used to show Jacks perspective of the room when he first enters, seeing his wife stood over by his typewriter.